In 2018, Fudan University and King's College London jointly established the Centre for Population Neuroscience and Precision Medicine (PONS) to investigate the complexity and heterogeneity of behaviour and mental illness on a population level by identifying environmental and genomic factors that shape the structure and function of the human brain. PONS integrates neuroimaging, cognitive neuroscience, (epi)genomics and epidemiological research with novel tools for environmental assessments, such as ecological momentary assessments using smart phone applications, social media analyses, and satellite-based remote sensing acquisitions.